RESISTANT ELEMENTS IN STRUCTURES

VERTICAL
PILLAR: a larg post that helps to holp up something (roof  or building)

COLUMN:  a long post made of steel, stone, marble, etc., that is used as a support in a building

HORIZONTAL

BEAM:  a long piece of heavy often squared timber suitable for use in buildings.

JOIST: small beam.

FOUNDATION

FOOTING:  an elargement at the lower end of a foundation in a wall, pier or column to distribute the load.

SLAB: a flat rectangular architectural element that is usually formed of a single piece of mass: concrete.


WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS

1. 

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

PULLEY

1. FIX PULLEY

A fixed pulley is a wheel that has a groove around it into which a rope, chain or belt fits. It rotates around an axle that is fixed to an inmobile surface.

A fixed pulley is ballanced when the effort F is equal to the resistance of the load, R:

       F=R

2. MOVABLE PULLEY

A movable pulley is a set of two pulleys- one is fixed while the other can move in a linear direction.

A movable pulley is balanced when it satisfies this equation:
       
            R
F = -----
        2

3. COMPOUND PULLEY

This is a system of fixed and movable pulley, often called block and tackle.

        R
F=--------
       2n
n= number of movable pulleys.

SIMPLE MACHINES

Click on the following links to watch  the videos.

Three classes of levers

Types of levers

Exercise

Sammy weighs 9000 kg and Jane weighs 6000 kg. They are both sitting on a seesaw. If

Sammy is seated 6 meters away from the fulcrum, how far should Jane be from the fulcrum?. When solving the problems, draw a diagram of the situation and show your math work.

SIMPLE MACHINES

CLASSIFICATION OF MECHANISMS

A. TRANSMITTING MOTION.

                    - Linear: Lever, Fixed pulley, Movable pulley, Compound pulley.
                    - Rotary: Friction drives, Pulleys with belt, Gear mechanisms, Worm gear, etc.

B. TRANSFORMING MOTION.

                    - Rotary to Linear: Rack and pinion system, Nut and bolt system, Winch and crank handle
                    - Rotary to Reciprocating: Crank-link-slider, Crankshaft, Cam, Eccentric cam

C. CONTROLLING AND REGULATING MOTION.

                   - Disc brakes.
                   - Band brakes.
                   - Drum brakes.

D. STORING ENERGY.

                   - Spring.

E. JOINING ELEMENTS.

                  - Clutch.
                  - Fixed connections.
                  - Movable connections.


EXERCISE : Choose at least three mechanisms and describe them. Include diagrams, pictures, formulas, real applications, etc.You have to do each machine in a single worksheet. 
 It´s not compulsatory. If you do it you can add maximum 0.50 to the final mark of the revision test.

Here you have interesting links to do the work


Mechanisms

Technology student

DEFINITION OF MECHANISM

Mechanisms are devices that transmit and convert forces and motion from a driving force or input element to an output element.
They allow us to carry out certain tasks more easily and more efficiently.

UNIT 8. MECHANISMS.

VOCABULARY

TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH

Inclined plane

Wheel

Axle

Lever

Pulley

screw

wedge

force

speed

ramp

motion

frictionless

pivoting point

 fulcrum

lever

arm,

moment of force

Examples of levers: wheelbarrow, fishing rod, scissors, hole punch,

broom, pincers, scales, tongs, nutcracker, pliers,

fire extinguisher, handle, paper cutter, tweezers,

crowbar, shovel, can opener, stapler, brake, oar, bottle opener,steering wheel,

windlass, coffee grinder, pepper mill, water tap, crane, flag pole, fixed, movable,

http://www.xtec.cat/monografics/cirel/pla_le/nile/carles_egusquiza/student/student.pdf

REVISION ACTIVITIES

PLASTICS, CERAMICS AND FABRIC MATERIALS.

Exercises:
1,3,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,15,17 and 20

You have to do these exercises if you want to add 0.5 to the  final mark of the revision exam. It´s not compulsatory.

TRABAJO FINAL 3º ESO

PAIR 1,2

Nuclear Energy. - Definition
                        - Fission Vs Fusion
                        - Parts of a Nuclear Power Plant

PAIR 3,4

Solar Energy.    - Definition
                       - Parts of a Solar Panel
                       - How it works?
                       - Picture

PAIR 5,6

Biomass.          - Types of waste.
                       - Process to obtain energy
                       - Picture

PAIR 7,8

Hydroelectric Energy. - Definition
                                - Basic Components
                                - Picture
                                - How it works?

PAIR 9,10

Wind Energy.    - Definition
                       - Parts of a wind turbine
                       - How it works?
                       - Picture

PAIR 11,12    

Mechanisms.    - Classification
                       - Types of levers
                       - Lever`s Law
                       - Picture

PAIR 13,14

Formation Techniques of Plastics. - Extrusion. Picture
                                                  - Vacuum Forming. Picture.
                                                  - Molding. Types. Pictures.

PAIR 15,16

Classification of Plastics.              - Thermoplastics.
                                                 - Thermosetting.
                                                 - Elastomers.
                                                 - Examples. Pictures.

PAIR 17,18

Electricity.                                 - Circuit Symbols.

PAIR 19,20

ITC. - Device´s Definitions.
       - Input Devices.
       - Output Devices.
       - I/O Devices.

PAIR 21,22

OHM´S LAW

100 PROBLEMAS DE LA LEY DE OHM

MEANS OF TRANSPORT

1. COCHE ----------------------------  CAR
2. VEHICULO TODOTERRENO ---  ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE
3. DESCAPOTABLE  ------------ ---  CONVERTIBLE
4. MONOVOLUMEN ---------------  PEOPLE CARRIER
5. LIMUSINA  ------------                            ---  LIMOUSINE
6. BICICLETA                               ---  BIKE // BICYCLE
7. CARAVANA                             --- CARAVAN
8. AUTOBUS                                 --- BUS
9. AUTOCAR                                --- COACH
10. AUTOBUS DOS PISOS         --- DOUBLE-DECKER BUS
11. CAMION                                --- TRUCK // LORRY
12. CAMION CISTERNA            --- TANKER
13. CAMIONETA                        --- VAN
14. HORMIGONERA                  --- CONCRETE MIXER TRUCK
15. QUITANIEVES                      --- SNOWBLOWER
16. BARREDORA                        --- STREET SWEEPER
17. TREN                                     --- TRAIN
18. TRANVIA                              --- TRAM
19. AVION                                   --- PLANE //AEROPLANE
20. BARCO                                  --- SHIP
21. BARCA                                  --- BOAT
22. AERODESLIZADOR             --- HOVERCRAFT
23. PETROLERO                         --- OIL TANKER
24. YATE                                      --- YACHT
25. LANCHA                               --- RUNABOUT
26. HELICOPTERO                     --- HELICOPTER
27. GLOBO AEROSTATICO     --- BALLOON
28. MOTOCICLETA                   --- MOTORBIKE// MOTORCYCLE
29. SCOOTER                            --- SCOOTER
30. METRO                                 --- UNDERGROUND // SUBWAY // TUBE