MEANS OF TRANSPORT

1. COCHE ----------------------------  CAR
2. VEHICULO TODOTERRENO ---  ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE
3. DESCAPOTABLE  ------------ ---  CONVERTIBLE
4. MONOVOLUMEN ---------------  PEOPLE CARRIER
5. LIMUSINA  ------------                            ---  LIMOUSINE
6. BICICLETA                               ---  BIKE // BICYCLE
7. CARAVANA                             --- CARAVAN
8. AUTOBUS                                 --- BUS
9. AUTOCAR                                --- COACH
10. AUTOBUS DOS PISOS         --- DOUBLE-DECKER BUS
11. CAMION                                --- TRUCK // LORRY
12. CAMION CISTERNA            --- TANKER
13. CAMIONETA                        --- VAN
14. HORMIGONERA                  --- CONCRETE MIXER TRUCK
15. QUITANIEVES                      --- SNOWBLOWER
16. BARREDORA                        --- STREET SWEEPER
17. TREN                                     --- TRAIN
18. TRANVIA                              --- TRAM
19. AVION                                   --- PLANE //AEROPLANE
20. BARCO                                  --- SHIP
21. BARCA                                  --- BOAT
22. AERODESLIZADOR             --- HOVERCRAFT
23. PETROLERO                         --- OIL TANKER
24. YATE                                      --- YACHT
25. LANCHA                               --- RUNABOUT
26. HELICOPTERO                     --- HELICOPTER
27. GLOBO AEROSTATICO     --- BALLOON
28. MOTOCICLETA                   --- MOTORBIKE// MOTORCYCLE
29. SCOOTER                            --- SCOOTER
30. METRO                                 --- UNDERGROUND // SUBWAY // TUBE

PARTS OF A BIKE

PARTS OF A CAR

Aerial (GB)	antena
Antenna (US)	antena
Bodywork	carrocería
Hood (US)	capó
Bonnet (GB)	capó
Trunk (US)	maletero
Boot (GB)	maletero
Brake	freno
Engine	motor
Exhaust pipe	tubo de escape
Gear lever (GB)	palanca de cambios
Gear shift (US)	palanca de cambios
Handbrake	freno de mano
Headlight	faro delantero
Horn	bocina
Rear-view mirror	espejo retrovisor
Seat belt	cinturón de seguridad
Steering wheel	volante
Tire (US)	neumático
Tyre (GB)	neumático
Windscreen (GB)	Parabrisas, luna
Windscreen wiper (GB)	limpiaparabrisas

MECHANISMS

MECHANISMS

1.CLASSIFICATION

-         TRANSMITTING MOTION

    LINEAR

     ROTARY

-         TRANSFORMING MOTION

 ROTARY TO LINEAR

 ROTARY TO RECIPROCATING

2. LINEAR MOTION MECHANISMS

2.1.         LEVERS

A lever is a rigid bar that is supported by a fulcrum

F: Force or Effort

R: Resistance or Load

d: distance from  force to  fulcrum

r: distance from  resistance to fulcrum

Law of the lever  F.d=R.r

Types:       Class 1: hammer, scissors

                 Class 2: wheelbarrow

                 Class 3: pincers

2.2.         FIX PULLEY        F=R

2.3.         MOVABLE PULLEY     F= R/2

2.4.         COMPOUND PULLEY    F=R/2*N

3.ROTARY MOTION MECHANISMS

3.1.FRICTION DRIVES

N1*D1=N2*D2

1  PRIMARY DRIVE WHEEL

2  OUTPUT WHEEL

i= GEAR RATIO   i=D1/D2

D= DIAMETER

N= VELOCITY (RPM) Revolution per minute

3.2.  PULLEYS WITH BELT

N1*D1=N2*D2

3.3.  PULLEYS TRAIN WITH  BELT

N4/N1= D1*D3/D2*D4

N1*D1=N2*D2

      N2=N3

N3*D3=N4*D4

i=D1/D2

i=D3/D4

i_TOTAL= D1*D3/D2*D4

3.4. WORM GEAR (TORNILLO SIN FIN)

4. MECHANISMS THAT TRANSFORM MOTION

4.1.         FROM ROTARY TO LINEAR

A.    RACK AND PINION SYSTEM (PIÑON-CREMALLERA)

L= P*Z*N

L= VELOCITY OF THE RACK (mm/min)

Z= NUMBER OF TEETH

N= NUMBER OF ROTATIONS PER MINUTE

B.     NUT AND BOLT SYSTEM (TORNILLO-TUERCA)

F*2Πr= R*ρ

ρ= thread (paso de rosca)

C.     WINCH AND CRACK HANDLE (MANIVELA-TORNO)

F*l=R*r

r=radius of the winch

l= length of the crack handle

MECHANISIMS

TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH AND DRAW THE DIAGRAM OF THE MECHANISIMS.

- INCLINED PLANE
- SCREW JACK
- GEARS
- BELT AND PULLEYS
- LEVERS
-WHEEL AND AXLE
-WEDGE
-CAM

MATCH THE FOLLOWING MECHANISIMS WITH THEIR DIAGRAM 

CHAIN AND SPROCKET SYSTEM - LEVERS - LINKAGES - SPUR GEARS - PULLEY SYSTEM - DROP CAM -SCREW THREAD - RACK AND PINION - SPRING

LEVERS. TYPES OF LEVERS

Levers

Click on the link above and copy the three different types of  levers.

STRUCTURES

DEFINITION OF STRUCTURE:

A structure is an object that has a definite shape and size and serves to a purpose or function.

CLASSIFYING STRUCTURES

Natural

- not made by people              

- occur naturally in the environment                                                     

E.g. Spider´s web, tree, beehive, cave.

Manufactured

- built by people
- many are modelled after natural structures
E.g.: car, building, bike, igloo

Structures can also be classified by their Design

Mass Structures: pyramid, church, roman bridges

Frame Structures: building, bike

Shell Structures: car, washing machine, computer, igloo

FUNCTION

What is the structure supposed to do? What was it designed for?
Most structures have several functions, which may include:

. supporting (its own weight)
· containing (substances)
· transporting

MAIN FORCES

Tension forces stretch a material by pulling its ends apart

Compression forces crush a material by squeezing it together.

Shear forces bend or tear a material by pressing different parts in opposite directions at the same time.

Torsion forces twist a material by turning the ends in opposite directions.

A bending force is a combination of tension and compression

UNIT 8. STRUCTURES

UNIT 8. STRUCTURES

VOCABULARY 

A

Apartment: Apartamento

Arch: Arco, Bóveda

Aqueduct: Acueducto

B

Beam: Viga

Bending: Flexion

Building:Edificio

Bridge:Puente

Beehive:Colmena

Bar:Barra

C

Compression: Compresion

Ceiling: Techo

Crane: Grua

Crab:Cangrejo

Cottage:Casa de campo

Cave:Cueva

Church:Iglesia

Column:Columna

Cable:Tirante

D

Dam:Presa

Detached house: Casa adosada

Dome: Cúpula

Deck: Cubierta

F

Flat:Piso

Frame structure: Estructura de armazón

Force: Fuerza

L

Load : Carga

M

Mosque: Mezquita

Mass structure: Estructura Masiva

Man-made structure: Estructura artificial

P

Patio: Patio

Pyramid: Pirámide

Pillar:Pilar

S

Shear:Cizalladura
Structure: Estructura

Skyscraper: Rascacielos

Shell structure: Estructura de carcasa

Shell: concha

Suspension bridge: Puente colgante

Spider web: Tela de araña

T

Terraced house: Casa adosada

Tension: Tensión/Tracción

Torsion: Torsión

Truss bridge: Puente triangulado

Tent: Tienda de campaña

Triangle:Triángulo

Tower: Torre

THANKSGIVING DAY

THE LOST MARCHING BAND MEMBER

It’s Thanksgiving Day and a lost ____________ [name of an instrument] player is making his way through the Thanksgiving Parade route in _________________ [name of a city]. The parade chaos is making it difficult for him to reunite with the ___________ [name of a cereal] Marching Band. The musician has to make his way through _____________ [animal, plural], ___________ [vegetable, plural] and ___________________ [piece of furniture, plural]. He___________ [action verb, present tense] for miles, and wonders if he will ever find his ___________ [name of a toy]. After walking on his ___________ [body part, plural] for ___________ [large number] minutes, the band member spots the ________________ [name of a color] uniforms and the ______________ [type of hat, plural] that his band wears. “_______________ [A silly word],” he exclaims gleefully. Soon the ___________ [repeat the name of the instrument] player is back with his band. The band begins to play ___________ [name of a song] and merrily marches along.

ELECTRIC COMPONENTS

Circuit Symbols

C

ircuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams which show how a circuit is connected together.

Component	Circuit Symbol	Function of Component
Wire		To pass current very easily from one part of a circuit to another.

Cell		Supplies electrical energy. The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+).
Battery		A battery is more than one cell.
Fuse		A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if the current flowing through it exceeds a specified value.

Lamp		A transducer which converts electrical energy to light.
Motor		A transducer which converts electrical energy to kinetic energy (motion).
Bell		A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.
Buzzer		A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

Push Switch		A push switch allows current to flow only when the button is pressed.
On-Off Switch		An on-off switch allows current to flow only when it is in the closed (on) position.
2-way Switch		. A 2-way changeover switch directs the flow of current to one of two routes according to its position.

Resistor

A resistor restricts the flow of current.

Voltmeter		A voltmeter is used to measure voltage.
Ammeter			An ammeter is used to measure current.
Ohmmeter		An ohmmeter is used to measure resistance.

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